Áú»¢¶Ä²©

6. §¤§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö Áú»¢¶Ä²©

§°§Ò§Ù§à§â

§£ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§í §â§å§é§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §å§Ø§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²©, §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ú§Ý§Ú CD §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²©.

§£§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ú §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à CD §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ AlmaLinux 8 (x86_64).

§µ§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§à§é§ß§í§Û CD §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ö§â§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ñ (MySQL).

§³§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§ß§í§Ö §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ:

• §°§©§µ: 1.5 §¤§¢
• §®§Ö§ã§ä§à §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö: §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ 8 §¤§¢ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§â§Ö§Ù§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ú§â§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§í.

§©§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§à§é§ß§à§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§ð §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à CD/DVD Áú»¢¶Ä²©:

§£ §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§ã§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â (§ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §ã MySQL) §Ú §Ó§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã.

§¤§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ç:

• VMWare (.vmx)
• Open virtualization format (.ovf)
• Microsoft Hyper-V 2012 (.vhdx)
• Microsoft Hyper-V 2008 (.vhd)
• KVM, Parallels, QEMU, USB stick, VirtualBox, Xen (.raw)
• KVM, QEMU (.qcow2)

§¹§ä§à§Ò§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î, §Ù§Ñ§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §Ò§â§Ñ§å§Ù§Ö§â§Ö §á§à IP, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à DHCP.

§¹§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î IP §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã, §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ú§â§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ö §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö:

ip addr show

§¥§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §Ü §Ó§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§å Áú»¢¶Ä²©, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ http://<host_ip> (§Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ò§â§Ñ§å§Ù§Ö§â §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ, §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ñ§ç §ã§Ö§ä§Ú §Ó§Ú§â§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§×§ß §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §Þ§à§ã§ä§Ñ).

1 §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú AlmaLinux 8

§¤§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ AlmaLinux 8. §£ §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§å§ð §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ð AlmaLinux §Ó§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

1.1 §²§Ö§á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú

§°§æ§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §â§Ö§á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Û Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §Ó /etc/yum.repos.d:

[zabbix] name=Áú»¢¶Ä²© Official Repository - $basearch baseurl=http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/6.0/rhel/8/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591

1.2 §¬§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ò§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Þ§Ñ§å§ï§â§Ñ

§¤§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä §Ò§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Þ§Ñ§å§ï§â iptables §ã §á§â§Ö§Õ§å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú:

• §°§ä§Ü§â§í§ä §á§à§â§ä SSH (22 TCP);
• §°§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í §á§à§â§ä§í Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ (10050 TCP) §Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ä§â§Ñ§á§á§Ö§â§Ñ (10051 TCP);
• §°§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í §á§à§â§ä§í HTTP (80 TCP) §Ú HTTPS (443 TCP);
• §°§ä§Ü§â§í§ä §á§à§â§ä SNMP §ä§â§Ñ§á§à§Ó (162 UDP)
• §°§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§â§ä NTP (53 UDP);
• ICMP §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§í §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§í 5 §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §ã§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Õ§å;
• §£§ã§Ö §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ä§Ò§â§Ñ§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ.

1.3 §ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à IP §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§Ñ

§±§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä DHCP §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ IP §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§Ñ. §¹§ä§à§Ò§í §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û IP §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã:

• §¡§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§Ù§å§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§à§Õ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ root;
• §°§ä§Ü§â§à§Û§ä§Ö §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0;
• §©§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ö BOOTPROTO=dhcp §ß§Ñ BOOTPROTO=none
• §¥§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§î§ä§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú:
  • IPADDR=<IP address of the appliance>
  • PREFIX=<CIDR prefix>
  • GATEWAY=<gateway IP address>
  • DNS1=<DNS server IP address>
• §£§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§å systemctl restart network.

§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ü Red Hat §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú.

1.4 §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §á§à§ñ§ã§Ñ

§±§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä UTC §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú. §¹§ä§à§Ò§í §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §á§à§ñ§ã, §ã§Ü§à§á§Ú§â§å§Û§ä§Ö §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý §Ú§Ù /usr/share/zoneinfo §Ó /etc/localtime, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â:

cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Riga /etc/localtime

2 §¬§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²©

§£ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§Ú §Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú:

2.1 §µ§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö (§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ß:§á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î)

§³§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§ß§í§Ö:

• root:zabbix

§£§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã Áú»¢¶Ä²©:

• Admin:zabbix

§¢§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç:

• root:<random>
• zabbix:<random>

§¥§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§ç:

• MySQL;
• /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf;
• /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php.

2.2 §²§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§à§Ó

• §¶§Ñ§Û§Ý§í §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ó /etc/zabbix.
• §¶§Ñ§Û§Ý§í §Ø§å§â§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó (§Ý§à§Ô§Ú) Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ñ, §á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú §Ú §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ó /var/log/zabbix.
• §£§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã Áú»¢¶Ä²© §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß §Ó /usr/share/zabbix.
• §¥§à§Þ§Ñ§ê§ß§Ú§Û §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ zabbix - §á§Ñ§á§Ü§Ñ /var/lib/zabbix.

2.3 §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ñ§ç Áú»¢¶Ä²©

• §¹§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §á§à§ñ§ã §Ó§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß §ß§Ñ Europe/Riga (§ï§ä§à§ä §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ó /etc/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf).

3 §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §Ó§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§å

§±§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §Ó§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§å §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß §à§ä§à§Ó§ã§ð§Õ§å.

§¥§à §Ó§Ö§Ò-§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Õ§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö http://<host>.

§¿§ä§à§ä §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß §Ó /etc/nginx/conf.d/zabbix.conf. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ó§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§ä§î nginx . §¹§ä§à§Ò§í §ï§ä§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§Ù§å§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î root, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ SSH, §Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö:

systemctl restart nginx

4 §¢§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Þ§Ñ§å§ï§â

§±§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð, §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§Ñ §á§à§â§ä§à§Ó, §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§í§ê§Ö. §¹§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§î §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§à§â§ä§í, §à§ä§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§â§å§Û§ä§Ö §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý "/etc/sysconfig/iptables" §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ò§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Þ§Ñ§å§ï§â§Ñ:

systemctl reload iptables

5 §°§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö

§±§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§í §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í. §¥§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö:

dnf update zabbix*

6 §³§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í

§¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í Systemd :

systemctl list-units zabbix*

7 §©§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú §à §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ç

7.1 VMware

§°§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§í §Ó §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö vmdk §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Þ§å§ð §Ó §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ñ§ç VMware Player, Server §Ú Workstation. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó ESX, ESXi §Ú vSphere §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ .

7.2 HDD/flash §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù (raw)

dd if=./zabbix_appliance_5.2.0.raw of=/dev/sdc bs=4k conv=fdatasync

§©§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ö /dev/sdc §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö Flash/HDD §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à.