Documentation
Table of Contents
2. SNMP §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä
§°§Ò§Ù§à§â
§£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §£§í §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î SNMP §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§í, §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ä§Ñ§ä§à§â§í, §Þ§Ñ§â§ê§â§å§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §ª§¢§±, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä SNMP §Ú §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ò§í §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§ß§à §á§í§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§í.
§¹§ä§à§Ò§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö SNMP §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã §ï§ä§Ú§ç §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ã §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§à§Û SNMP §á§å§ä§×§Þ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §æ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ --with-net-snmp.
SNMP §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§à §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý§å UDP.
Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§í §Ú §á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú §à§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ SNMP §á§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã. §´§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§í §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç SNMP (§à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç SNMP, §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Ó§í§Ö SNMP §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ), §Ú §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å SNMP §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û. §³§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§ä§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§à§ä §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§ß§å§ä§â§Ú. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§ä§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§î §å §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§å ?§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í?, §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§å§ð §å §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ.
§±§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ê§å§ä §Ó §Ø§å§â§ß§Ñ§Ý §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à/§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§×§ß§ß§à§Ô§à SNMP §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ:
§·§à§ä§ñ §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §á§à§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ú, §ß§à §à§ß§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç SNMP §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó, §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§å§ð §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§å §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §à§ä§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§î.
Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â/§á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ä §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §â§Ñ§Ù §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ß§Ö§å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à§Û §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ú: §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ú SNMP, §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §ã§Ò§à§â§Ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã (bulk).
§±§â§Ú §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ö §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó §á§à SNMPv3, §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §é§ä§à msgAuthoritativeEngineID (§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü snmpEngineID §Ú§Ý§Ú ?Engine ID?) §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó. §³§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à [en] (§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý 3.1.1.1), §à§ß§à §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
RFC3414 §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à§Ò§í SNMPv3 §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ engineBoots. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ð§ä §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ü§Ú §Ú§ç SNMP §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ä§Ò§â§Ñ§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §å§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§Ó§ê§Ú§Ö. §£ §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ó§â§å§é§ß§å§ð §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ü§ï§ê SNMP §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ö/§á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú (§Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ -R snmp_cache_reload), §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö §á§â§Ú§Õ§×§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â/§á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú.
§¯§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §á§à SNMP
§¥§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à SNMP §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ê§Ñ§Ô§Ú:
§º§Ñ§Ô 1
§µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§å SNMP (§Ú§Ý§Ú OID) §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ó§í §ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§î.
§¥§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §ã§ä§â§à§Ü SNMP §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Û§ä§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§å snmpwalk (§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ , §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ó§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²©) §Ú§Ý§Ú §ï§Ü§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ä§ß§å§ð §å§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú§ä§å:
?2c? §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ð SNMP, §Ó§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ ?1?, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö SNMP §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 1.
§¿§ä§Ñ §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü SNMP §ã§ä§â§à§Ü §Ú §Ú§ç §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§Û§Õ§Ö§ä, §ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §é§ä§à SNMP ?community? §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§ß§à§Ô§à ?public?, §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§à §Ú§Þ§ñ.
§£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§à§Û§ä§Ú§ã§î §á§à §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§å, §á§à§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§×§ä§Ö §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Ó§í §ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§î; §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §Ò§Ñ§Û§ä §ß§Ñ 3 §á§à§â§ä§å §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ä§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î IF-MIB::ifInOctets.3 §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§à§Û §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú:
§´§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§à§Û snmpget, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§à§Û OID §Õ§Ý§ñ ?IF-MIB::ifInOctets.3?:
§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Ó §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ö ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â §á§à§â§ä§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ó§í §ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î. §³§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö: §¥§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§í.
§£§í§Ó§à§Õ §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§í §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§ä§à-§ä§à §ß§Ñ§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à:
§°§á§ñ§ä§î §Ø§Ö, §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Ó OID §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§à§Þ §á§à§â§ä§Ñ.
§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§í§ç SNMP OID'§à§Ó §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²©'§à§Þ §Ó §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.
§£ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó§í§ê§Ö §ä§Ú§á §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª ?Counter64? (64-§Ò§Ú§ä§ß§í§Û §ã§é§Ö§ä§é§Ú§Ü), §é§ä§à §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ö §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ä§Ú§á§å ASN_COUNTER64. §±§à§Ý§ß§í§Û §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §ä§Ú§á§à§Ó: ASN_COUNTER, ASN_COUNTER64, ASN_UINTEGER, ASN_UNSIGNED64, ASN_INTEGER, ASN_INTEGER64, ASN_FLOAT, ASN_DOUBLE, ASN_TIMETICKS, ASN_GAUGE, ASN_IPADDRESS, ASN_OCTET_STR §Ú ASN_OBJECT_ID (§ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Û 2.2.8, 2.4.3). §±§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§×§ß§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ú§á§í §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä ?Counter32?, ?Counter64?, ?UInteger32?, ?INTEGER?, ?Float?, ?Double?, ?Timeticks?, ?Gauge32?, ?IpAddress?, ?OCTET STRING?, ?OBJECT IDENTIFIER? §Ó §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ö §å§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú§ä§í snmpget, §ß§à §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü ?STRING?, ?Hex-STRING?, ?OID? §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö, §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §á§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ü§Ú.
§º§Ñ§Ô 2
§³§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §å§Ù§Ö§Ý §ã§Ö§ä§Ú, §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å.
§¥§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§î§ä§Ö §Ü §å§Ù§Ý§å §ã§Ö§ä§Ú SNMP §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã:
- §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö IP §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã/DNS §Ú§Þ§ñ §Ú §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â §á§à§â§ä§Ñ
- §£§í§Ò§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö §£§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ SNMP §Ú§Ù §Ó§í§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ
- §¥§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§î§ä§Ö §å§é§×§ä§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§å, §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú SNMP:
- SNMPv1, v2 §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à community (§à§Ò§í§é§ß§à ?public?)
- SNMPv3 §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §à§á§è§Ú§Ú (§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö)
- §°§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§î§ä§Ö §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§å§ð §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§å SNMP §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó
| §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â SNMPv3 | §°§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö |
|---|---|
| §ª§Þ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ | §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú§Þ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó SNMP §á§à§Õ§ã§Ö§ä§Ú. §ª§Þ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç SNMPv3 §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© 2.2. §£ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§ã§í. |
| §ª§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú | §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §£ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§ã§í. |
| §µ§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú | §£§í§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ö §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú: noAuthNoPriv ¡ª §ß§Ú §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ú §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ AuthNoPriv ¡ª §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§ä AuthPriv ¡ª §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ú §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú |
| §±§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú | §£§í§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú ¡ª MD5, SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384 §Ú§Ý§Ú SHA512. |
| §±§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú | §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§å-§á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §£ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§ã§í. |
| §±§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú | §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú ¡ª DES, AES128, AES192, AES256, AES192C (Cisco) §Ú§Ý§Ú AES256C (Cisco). §°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à: - §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§â§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç net-snmp §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î AES256; - §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, RHEL9) §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ DES §Ó §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§Ö net-snmp §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §å§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ. |
| §¬§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú | §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§å-§á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §£ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ü§â§à§ã§í. |
§£ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §ß§Ö§Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§í§ç §å§é§×§ä§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç SNMPv3 (§Ú§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý/§æ§â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ-§á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §á§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú):
- Áú»¢¶Ä²© §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä ERROR §à§ä net-snmp, §Ù§Ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¬§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö Áú»¢¶Ä²© §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§å §á§â§Ö§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §£§²§¦§®§¦§¯§ª §°§¨§ª§¥§¡§¯§ª§Á §à§ä net-snmp;
- (§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© 6.0.13) §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ SNMP §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Û §è§Ó§Ö§ä (§ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à).
§ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §á§à§Ý§ñ§ç §±§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §±§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î §Ñ§å§ä§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §±§â§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ý §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §¬§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§ñ §ª§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§ñ§ä §Ó §ã§Ú§Ý§å §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §â§å§é§ß§à§Û §à§é§Ú§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Ü§ï§ê§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ö/§á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú (§Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ -R snmp_cache_reload) §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§Ñ§á§å§ã§Ü§Ö §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ñ/§á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú. §£ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ª§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ó§ã§Ö §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ö§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à.
§£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §ê§Ñ§Ò§Ý§à§ß§à§Ó SNMP (Template SNMP Device §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö), §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§ñ§ä §ß§Ñ§Ò§à§â §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §ê§Ñ§Ò§Ý§à§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Þ §ã §å§Ù§Ý§à§Þ §ã§Ö§ä§Ú. §¯§Ñ§Ø§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ §¥§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ö§ä§Ú.
§º§Ñ§Ô 3
§³§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§Ñ.
§ª§ä§Ñ§Ü, §Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Õ §Ó Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ø§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ §¿§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §å §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à SNMP §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ö§ä§Ú. §£ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ê§Ñ§Ò§Ý§à§ß §á§â§Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ö§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ä, §Ó§í §å§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç SNMP, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §å§Ù§Ý§à§Þ §ã§Ö§ä§Ú, §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§á§â§à§ã§ä§å §á§å§ã§ä§à§Û §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü. §®§í §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §ã§à§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Ó§í §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§ä§à §ã§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ snmpwalk §Ú§Ý§Ú snmpget, §ä§Ñ§Ü §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ø§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ §³§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç. §£ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç:
- §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú§Þ§ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç
- §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ö ?§´§Ú§á? §ß§Ñ ?SNMP §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä?
- §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó §á§à§Ý§Ö ?§¬§Ý§ð§é? §é§ä§à-§ä§à §à§ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö
- §µ§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î, §é§ä§à §Ó §á§à§Ý§Ö ?§ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ö§ä§Ú? §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §Ó§Ñ§ê §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ä§Ñ§ä§à§â/§â§à§å§ä§Ö§â
- §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó §á§à§Ý§Ö ?SNMP OID? §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§à§Ó§í§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Û OID, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ó§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: .1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.6.3
- §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö ?§´§Ú§á §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú? §Ó §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¹§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Û (§ã §á§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ä§à§é§Ü§à§Û)
- §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö ?§ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§Ý §à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ? §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ ?§·§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú?, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §à§ä §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û
- §¯§Ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö §±§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§î§ä§Ö §ê§Ñ§Ô §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Õ§å (§Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à, §Ó §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §Ó§í §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §ã SNMP §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§á§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ). §£§í§Ò§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö.
§£§ã§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ö§ß§í §Ü§â§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Û §Ù§Ó§×§Ù§Õ§à§é§Ü§à§Û.
§´§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó §®§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô ¡ú §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §å§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö SNMP!
§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â 1
§°§Ò§ë§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â:
| §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â | §°§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö |
|---|---|
| OID | 1.2.3.45.6.7.8.0 (§Ú§Ý§Ú .1.2.3.45.6.7.8.0) |
| §¬§Ý§ð§é | <§µ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ñ §Ó §ä§â§Ú§Ô§Ô§Ö§â§Ñ§ç> §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, ?my_param?. |
§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à OID §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§à§Ó§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §´§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö, §Ó §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§à§Ó§í§Û OID §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ü§à§ß§Ó§Ö§â§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §Ó §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¥§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú§ä§å snmpget:
§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â 2
§®§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í:
| §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â | §°§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö |
|---|---|
| OID | MIB::sysUpTime.0 |
| §¬§Ý§ð§é | router.uptime |
| §´§Ú§á §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú | §¹§Ú§ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Û (§ã §á§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ä§à§é§Ü§à§Û) |
| §¦§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ | uptime |
| §®§ß§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î | 0.01 |
§°§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§ç SNMP §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó
§¯§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 2.2.3, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â §Ú §á§â§à§Ü§ã§Ú §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Þ §à§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à SNMP §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç. §´§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§Ô§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ä§Ú§á§í SNMP §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç:
- §à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§Ö SNMP §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç;
- SNMP §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú;
- §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ SNMP.
§£§ã§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç SNMP §ã §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ §ã §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§á§â§à§ã §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ. §±§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ñ §ä§Ú§á§Ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§à§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§à§â§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §á§à 128 §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §Ó §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö.
§¯§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §á§â§Ú §à§á§â§à§ã§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ú §à§Ò§ç§à§Õ §Õ§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ OID'§à§Ó.
§¥§Ý§ñ ?§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ? §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ GetRequest-PDU c §ß§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §é§Ö§Þ 128 §á§â§Ú§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §¥§Ý§ñ ?§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ñ? §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ GetNextRequest-PDU §Õ§Ý§ñ SNMPv1 §Ú GetBulkRequest §ã §á§à§Ý§Ö§Þ ?max-repetitions? §ã §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ó 128 §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ SNMPv2 §Ú SNMPv3.
§´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§Ñ SNMP §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö:
- §à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§Ö SNMP §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§ä §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à ?§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ?;
- SNMP §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §à§ä §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à ?§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ?, §Ú §à§ä ?§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ñ?: ?§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö? §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§à§Ó, §Ñ ?§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ? §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§ï§ê§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û;
- §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à SNMP §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§ä §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à ?§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ñ?.
§´§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö, §Ö§ã§ä§î §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ: §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§î 128 §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§í§Û §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä, §ß§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §ã §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§à§Û ?tooBig(1)?, §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ß§Ö §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §á§â§Ö§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§×§ß§ß§í§Û §Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä.
§¥§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §ã §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§å§ð §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§ð. §¯§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §à§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß §å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à, §Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ 2 §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß §å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à, §Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ 3 §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§ß§à §á§å§ä§×§Þ §å§Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ 1.5, §Ó §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 19, 28, 42, 63, 94, 128.
§°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§í§Û §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä (§Ü §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§å, §ß§Ñ 42 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç), Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä 2 §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú.
§£§à-§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§ç, §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§Ö§Ü§å§ë§Ö§Û §ã§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä §á§à§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä 21 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à, §ä§à §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó, §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à, §é§ä§à §ã 28 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý§à, §Ñ 21 §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü §à§á§â§à§ã§å §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§à §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ú §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§×§ß§ß§à §ß§Ö §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ñ.
§£§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§ë§î, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §á§à§â§è§Ú§Û §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, ¡ª §à§ß §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ô§à §å§Õ§Ñ§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç (28 §Ó §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö) §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §ß§Ñ 1 §Õ§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Þ, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ ¡ª §ï§ä§à 32 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú 29, 30, 31, 32 §Ú 33. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§ß§í§Þ, §Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä 33 §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã. §³ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §à§á§â§Ñ§ê§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§å§Þ §á§à 32 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ï§ä§Ú§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç. §´§à§é§ß§í§Û §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§í§Û §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ, §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ß, §ß§à §Þ§í §á§í§ä§Ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§à, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç. §±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §á§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §é§ä§à §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §ï§ä§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ô§Õ§Ö-§ä§à §à§Ü§à§Ý§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ: §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ, §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö. §£§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §é§ä§à UDP §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä (§Ó §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú) §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ§ß. §±§à §ï§ä§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§ß§í§Þ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Þ, §ä§à §à§ß §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§á§í§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §å§Ô§Ý§å§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§à§Þ§æ§à§â§ä§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß, §ß§à (§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã 2.2.8) §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Õ§à 2 §â§Ñ§Ù.
§£ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó§í§ê§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã §ã 32 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§Ö§ß, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ú§ä §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§à 31. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§å§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ú§ä §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§à 30. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, Áú»¢¶Ä²© §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö 30, §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à §à§ß §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §á§à §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ§ß§ß§í§ç UDP §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§à§Ó, §ß§Ö§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
§¦§ã§Ý§Ú, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §å§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í §Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ü§ä§ß§à §Ú §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó§í§ê§Ö §ï§Ó§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä, §ä§à, §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã Áú»¢¶Ä²© 2.4, §å §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Û§Ü§Ñ ?§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í?, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §à§ä§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.