Áú»¢¶Ä²©

11. §±§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß PostgreSQL

§°§Ò§Ù§à§â

§£ §ï§ä§à§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§í §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §Ó §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§Ö §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ PostgreSQL §Õ§Ý§ñ Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ 2 (postgresql.conf).

§¯§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© 6.0.10, §á§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß PostgreSQL §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ô§â§å§Ø§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ §á§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ö§ß §Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß §Ó

§±§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§Ü§à§Þ§á§Ú§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ò§Ú§ß§Ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§í §á§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ Windows §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í, §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú , §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Þ§í §ã §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú 6.0.

§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à:

  • §©§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ, §Ñ §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú;
  • Áú»¢¶Ä²© §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§í §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §Ü§à§Õ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ö UTF-8 §Ò§Ö§Ù ;
  • §¬§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §ã ?#?, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ö §ã§ä§â§à§Ü§Ú.

§°§á§è§Ú§Ú

§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â
-V --version §£§í§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ð §á§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §Ý§Ú§è§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§Ú.
-h --help §£§í§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§é§ß§å§ð §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð (§ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§×§ß§ß§à).

§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í

§£ §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ñ§ç Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Õ§à 6.0.10, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ã ±Ê±ô³Ü²µ¾±²Ô²õ.±Ê´Ç²õ³Ù²µ°ù±ð²õ.&±ô³Ù;§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â&²µ³Ù; §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à ±Ê±ô³Ü²µ¾±²Ô²õ.±Ê´Ç²õ³Ù²µ°ù±ð³§²Ï³¢.&±ô³Ù;§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â&²µ³Ù;. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, Plugins.Postgres.KeepAlive.

§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â §°§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §¥§Ú§Ñ§á§Ñ§Ù§à§ß §±§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §°§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.CacheMode §ß§Ö§ä prepare §²§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §Ü§ï§ê§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û PostgreSQL.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ:
prepare (§á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð) - §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í (prepared statements) §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ö PostgreSQL;
describe - §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ñ§ß§à§ß§Ú§Þ§ß§í§Ö §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í (anonymous prepared statement) §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §Ò§Ö§Ù §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ö.
§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à ?describe? §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ö§ß, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Õ§à§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§â§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §á§å§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö PgBouncer.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.25.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.CallTimeout §ß§Ö§ä 1-30 §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ä§Ñ§Û§Þ-§Ñ§å§ä §®§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ó §ã§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Õ§Ñ§ç) §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ñ.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.CustomQueriesPath §ß§Ö§ä §à§ä§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§à §¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ü §á§Ñ§á§Ü§Ö, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Û §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§í .sql §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.Database §ß§Ö§ä §¢§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü PostgreSQL; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.Password §ß§Ö§ä §±§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î §á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü PostgreSQL; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.TLSCAFile §ß§Ö§ä
(§Õ§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.TLSConnect §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: verify_ca, verify_full)
§¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ü §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§í §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§à§Ó (certificate authority, CA) §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ 2 §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.TLSCertFile §ß§Ö§ä
(§Õ§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.TLSConnect §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: verify_ca, verify_full)
§¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ü §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä PostgreSQL §Ú§Ý§Ú §è§Ö§á§à§é§Ü§å §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ 2 §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.TLSConnect §ß§Ö§ä §´§Ú§á §ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ 2 §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ:
required - §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ TLS §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §á§à§Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú;
verify_ca - §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ TLS §Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ;
verify_full - §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ TLS, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§à§Û §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§â §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç (CN), §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Þ DBHost, §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§å.
§¯§Ö§å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ä§Ú§á §ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.TLSKeyFile §ß§Ö§ä
(§Õ§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.TLSConnect §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: verify_ca, verify_full)
§¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ü §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§å, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ§Ü§â§í§ä§í§Û §Ü§Ý§ð§é (private key) PostgreSQL, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å Áú»¢¶Ä²© §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ 2 §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.Uri §ß§Ö§ä URI §á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü PostgreSQL; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.

§¯§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ê§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó (§à§ß§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §á§â§à§Ú§Ô§ß§à§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í).
§¥§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§å URI.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§í: tcp, unix.
§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§í: tcp://127.0.0.1:5432
tcp://localhost
unix:/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Default.User §ß§Ö§ä §ª§Þ§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü PostgreSQL; §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.18.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.KeepAlive §ß§Ö§ä 60-900 300 §®§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ó §ã§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Õ§Ñ§ç), §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö§Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ.
±Ê±ô³Ü²µ¾±²Ô²õ.±Ê´Ç²õ³Ù²µ°ù±ð³§²Ï³¢.³§±ð²õ²õ¾±´Ç²Ô²õ.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.°ä²¹³¦³ó±ð²Ñ´Ç»å±ð §ß§Ö§ä prepare §²§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §Ü§ï§ê§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û PostgreSQL.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ:
prepare (§á§à §å§Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð) - §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í (prepared statements) §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ö PostgreSQL;
describe - §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ñ§ß§à§ß§Ú§Þ§ß§í§Ö §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í (anonymous prepared statement) §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §Ò§Ö§Ù §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ö§â§Ö.
§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à ?describe? §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ö§ß, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Õ§à§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§â§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §á§å§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ§á§à§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§Ö PgBouncer.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.25.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.Database §ß§Ö§ä §¢§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.Password §ß§Ö§ä §¥§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§å §á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§ñ. §±§Ñ§â§à§Ý§î §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSCAFile §ß§Ö§ä
(§Õ§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSConnect §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: verify_ca, verify_full)
§¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ü §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§í §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§à§Ó (certificate authority, CA) §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSCertFile §Õ§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSKeyFile §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß.

§¥§à §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.22 §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSConnect §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: verify_ca, verify_full
§¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ü §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä PostgreSQL §Ú§Ý§Ú §è§Ö§á§à§é§Ü§å §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§Ó.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSConnect §ß§Ö§ä §´§Ú§á §ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü PostgreSQL.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.

§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ:
required - §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ TLS §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §á§à§Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú;
verify_ca - §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ TLS §Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ;
verify_full - §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ TLS, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§à§Û §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§â §Ò§Ñ§Ù§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç (CN), §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Þ DBHost, §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §ã§Ö§â§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§å.
§¯§Ö§å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ä§Ú§á §ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ê§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSKeyFile §Õ§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSCertFile §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß.

§¥§à §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú 6.0.22 §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.TLSConnect §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: verify_ca, verify_full
§¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î §Ü §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§å, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ù§Ñ§Ü§â§í§ä§í§Û §Ü§Ý§ð§é (private key) PostgreSQL.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.Uri §ß§Ö§ä §³§ä§â§à§Ü§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.

§¯§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ê§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó (§à§ß§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §á§â§à§Ú§Ô§ß§à§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í).
§¥§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§å URI.
§±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§í: tcp, unix.
§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§í: tcp://127.0.0.1:5432
tcp://localhost
unix:/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Sessions.&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù;.User §ß§Ö§ä §ª§Þ§ñ §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
&±ô³Ù;§ª§Þ§ñ§³§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú&²µ³Ù; - §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§ñ §ã§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ö §Ó §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.System.Path §Õ§Ñ §±§å§ä§î §Õ§à §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§Ñ §á§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ. §±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Ú Áú»¢¶Ä²© 6.0.10.
Plugins.PostgreSQL.Timeout §ß§Ö§ä 1-30 §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ä§Ñ§Û§Þ-§Ñ§å§ä §´§Ñ§Û§Þ-§Ñ§å§ä §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ñ (§á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §ã§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Õ§Ñ§ç §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §à§ß §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§×§ß §á§â§Ú§ß§å§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à).

§³§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö: